Available forms Īmpicillin can be administered by mouth, an intramuscular injection (shot) or by intravenous infusion. It is sometimes used in combination with other antibiotics that have different mechanisms of action, like vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, and tigecycline. Its spectrum of activity is enhanced by co-administration of sulbactam, a drug that inhibits beta lactamase, an enzyme produced by bacteria to inactivate ampicillin and related antibiotics. Activity against gram-negative bacteria includes Neisseria meningitidis, some Haemophilus influenzae, and some of the Enterobacteriaceae (though most Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas are resistant). It is one of the few antibiotics that works against multidrug resistant Enterococcus faecalis and E. It was the first "broad spectrum" penicillin with activity against gram-positive bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, some isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (but not penicillin-resistant or methicillin-resistant strains), Trueperella, and some Enterococcus. Bacteria Īmpicillin is used to treat infections by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Whooping cough, to prevent and treat secondary infections Īmpicillin used to also be used to treat gonorrhea, but there are now too many strains resistant to penicillins.Respiratory infections, including bronchitis, pharyngitis.It is also used in pregnant woman who are carriers of group B streptococci to prevent early-onset neonatal infections. to prevent infection) in those who previously had rheumatic heart disease or are undergoing dental procedures, vaginal hysterectomies, or C-sections. Healthcare-associated infections that are related to infections from using urinary catheters and that are unresponsive to other medications.Gastrointestinal infections caused by contaminated water or food (for example, by Salmonella).Endocarditis by enterococcal strains (off-label use) often given with an aminoglycoside.Bacterial meningitis an aminoglycoside can be added to increase efficacy against gram-negative meningitis bacteria.The World Health Organization classifies ampicillin as critically important for human medicine. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Īmpicillin was discovered in 1958 and came into commercial use in 1961. Its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding appears to be generally safe. While usable in those with kidney problems, the dose may need to be decreased. Serious side effects may include Clostridium difficile colitis or anaphylaxis. It should not be used in people who are allergic to penicillin. ![]() Ĭommon side effects include rash, nausea, and diarrhea. It is used by mouth, by injection into a muscle, or intravenously. It may also be used to prevent group B streptococcal infection in newborns. The drug is used to prevent and treat a number of bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, salmonellosis, and endocarditis. Ampicillin is an antibiotic belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family.
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